U+22EF · Math symbol
HTML entity
⋯
LaTeX
\unicodecdots
Midline Horizontal Ellipsis Symbol ⋯
⋯ is midline horizontal ellipsis. Write it in HTML as ⋯ or paste the character directly. It was added in Unicode 1.1, and Unicode files it under Math symbol.
Codes & technical data
| Unicode | U+22EF | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML hex | ⋯ | |
| HTML decimal | ⋯ | |
| CSS | \22EF | |
| JavaScript | \u{22EF} | |
| Python | \U000022EF | |
| Java / C# | \u22EF | |
| Rust | \u{22ef} | |
| Swift | \u{22EF} | |
| PHP | \u{22EF} | |
| URL encoded | %E2%8B%AF | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 8B AF | |
| UTF-16 bytes | 22EF | |
| Base64 | 4ouv | |
| Decimal | 8943 | |
| HTML entity | ⋯ | |
| LaTeX | \unicodecdots | |
| Category | Math symbol (Sm) | |
| Introduced | Unicode 1.1 | |
Will ⋯ survive being pasted?
- Normalisation. Yes. ⋯ is unchanged by NFKC, so it survives normalising systems intact.
- Legacy encodings. ⋯ is Unicode-only — it has no Latin-1 equivalent, so a system stuck on an 8-bit encoding cannot represent it.
- Size. 3 bytes in UTF-8. Character-limited fields — SMS, bios, some form validators — usually count bytes, not characters.
Other ellipsis characters
Unicode names 5 characters ending in “ellipsis”. They differ by direction, weight or decoration rather than by meaning.
Nearby in Mathematical Operators
The operators mathematics and programming share — set theory, logic, calculus, comparison. Almost every character here has a LaTeX command, which is usually the fastest way to name the one you mean.
How to type ⋯
| Windows | Type 22EF then press Alt+X |
|---|---|
| macOS | Press Ctrl+Cmd+Space, then search for “midline horizontal ellipsis” |
| Linux | Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 22ef, press Enter |
| HTML | ⋯ |
About Unicode’s Math symbol category
Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I type the ⋯ midline horizontal ellipsis symbol?
- On Windows, type 22EF and press Alt+X. On Linux press Ctrl+Shift+U then 22ef. On any system the quickest route is the copy button on this page.
- What is the code for ⋯?
- Midline Horizontal Ellipsis is U+22EF, written in HTML as ⋯ and in LaTeX as \unicodecdots. In UTF-8 it takes 3 bytes. The table above lists every escape format.
- What kind of character is ⋯?
- Midline Horizontal Ellipsis is filed under Math symbol in the Mathematical Operators block, and was introduced in Unicode 1.1. Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.