U+220F · Math symbol
HTML entity
∏
LaTeX
\prod
N-Ary Product Symbol ∏
∏ is n-ary product, U+220F. Unicode also records it as “product sign”. It was added in Unicode 1.1, and Unicode files it under Math symbol.
Also known as
- product sign
Codes & technical data
| Unicode | U+220F | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML hex | ∏ | |
| HTML decimal | ∏ | |
| CSS | \220F | |
| JavaScript | \u{220F} | |
| Python | \U0000220F | |
| Java / C# | \u220F | |
| Rust | \u{220f} | |
| Swift | \u{220F} | |
| PHP | \u{220F} | |
| URL encoded | %E2%88%8F | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 8F | |
| UTF-16 bytes | 220F | |
| Base64 | 4oiP | |
| Decimal | 8719 | |
| HTML entity | ∏ | |
| LaTeX | \prod | |
| Category | Math symbol (Sm) | |
| Introduced | Unicode 1.1 | |
Will ∏ survive being pasted?
- Normalisation. Yes. ∏ is unchanged by NFKC, so it survives normalising systems intact.
- Legacy encodings. ∏ is Unicode-only — it has no Latin-1 equivalent, so a system stuck on an 8-bit encoding cannot represent it.
- Size. 3 bytes in UTF-8. Character-limited fields — SMS, bios, some form validators — usually count bytes, not characters.
Other product characters
Unicode names 12 characters ending in “product”. They differ by direction, weight or decoration rather than by meaning.
Nearby in Mathematical Operators
The operators mathematics and programming share — set theory, logic, calculus, comparison. Almost every character here has a LaTeX command, which is usually the fastest way to name the one you mean.
How to type ∏
| Windows | Type 220F then press Alt+X |
|---|---|
| macOS | Press Ctrl+Cmd+Space, then search for “n-ary product” |
| Linux | Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 220f, press Enter |
| HTML | ∏ |
About Unicode’s Math symbol category
Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I type the ∏ n-ary product symbol?
- On Windows, type 220F and press Alt+X. On Linux press Ctrl+Shift+U then 220f. On any system the quickest route is the copy button on this page.
- What is the code for ∏?
- N-Ary Product is U+220F, written in HTML as ∏ and in LaTeX as \prod. In UTF-8 it takes 3 bytes. The table above lists every escape format.
- What kind of character is ∏?
- N-Ary Product is filed under Math symbol in the Mathematical Operators block, and was introduced in Unicode 1.1. Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.