U+27C2 · Math symbol
LaTeX
\perp
Perpendicular Symbol ⟂
⟂ is perpendicular, U+27C2. Unicode also records it as “orthogonal to”. It was added in Unicode 4.1, and Unicode files it under Math symbol.
Also known as
- orthogonal to
What Unicode says about ⟂
relation, typeset with additional spacing
— annotation from the Unicode Standard, NamesList.txt
Codes & technical data
| Unicode | U+27C2 | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML hex | ⟂ | |
| HTML decimal | ⟂ | |
| CSS | \27C2 | |
| JavaScript | \u{27C2} | |
| Python | \U000027C2 | |
| Java / C# | \u27C2 | |
| Rust | \u{27c2} | |
| Swift | \u{27C2} | |
| PHP | \u{27C2} | |
| URL encoded | %E2%9F%82 | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 9F 82 | |
| UTF-16 bytes | 27C2 | |
| Base64 | 4p+C | |
| Decimal | 10178 | |
| LaTeX | \perp | |
| Category | Math symbol (Sm) | |
| Introduced | Unicode 4.1 | |
Will ⟂ survive being pasted?
- Normalisation. Yes. ⟂ is unchanged by NFKC, so it survives normalising systems intact.
- Legacy encodings. ⟂ is Unicode-only — it has no Latin-1 equivalent, so a system stuck on an 8-bit encoding cannot represent it.
- Size. 3 bytes in UTF-8. Character-limited fields — SMS, bios, some form validators — usually count bytes, not characters.
Unicode cross-references
The standard points readers of ⟂ at these characters — usually because they look alike, or because one is the correct choice where the other is often used by mistake.
Nearby in Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A
Overflow from the main operator block — extra brackets, angle marks and logic symbols that arrived after Mathematical Operators was closed.
How to type ⟂
| Windows | Type 27C2 then press Alt+X |
|---|---|
| macOS | Press Ctrl+Cmd+Space, then search for “perpendicular” |
| Linux | Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 27c2, press Enter |
| HTML | ⟂ |
About Unicode’s Math symbol category
Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I type the ⟂ perpendicular symbol?
- On Windows, type 27C2 and press Alt+X. On Linux press Ctrl+Shift+U then 27c2. On any system the quickest route is the copy button on this page.
- What is the code for ⟂?
- Perpendicular is U+27C2 and in LaTeX as \perp. In UTF-8 it takes 3 bytes. The table above lists every escape format.
- What kind of character is ⟂?
- Perpendicular is filed under Math symbol in the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block, and was introduced in Unicode 4.1. Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.