U+23B3 · Math symbol
LaTeX
\sumbottom
Summation Bottom Symbol ⎳
⎳ is summation bottom, U+23B3 — \sumbottom in LaTeX. It was added in Unicode 3.2, and Unicode files it under Math symbol.
Codes & technical data
| Unicode | U+23B3 | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML hex | ⎳ | |
| HTML decimal | ⎳ | |
| CSS | \23B3 | |
| JavaScript | \u{23B3} | |
| Python | \U000023B3 | |
| Java / C# | \u23B3 | |
| Rust | \u{23b3} | |
| Swift | \u{23B3} | |
| PHP | \u{23B3} | |
| URL encoded | %E2%8E%B3 | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 8E B3 | |
| UTF-16 bytes | 23B3 | |
| Base64 | 4o6z | |
| Decimal | 9139 | |
| LaTeX | \sumbottom | |
| Category | Math symbol (Sm) | |
| Introduced | Unicode 3.2 | |
Will ⎳ survive being pasted?
- Normalisation. Yes. ⎳ is unchanged by NFKC, so it survives normalising systems intact.
- Legacy encodings. ⎳ is Unicode-only — it has no Latin-1 equivalent, so a system stuck on an 8-bit encoding cannot represent it.
- Size. 3 bytes in UTF-8. Character-limited fields — SMS, bios, some form validators — usually count bytes, not characters.
Unicode cross-references
The standard points readers of ⎳ at these characters — usually because they look alike, or because one is the correct choice where the other is often used by mistake.
Nearby in Miscellaneous Technical
Symbols from engineering, electronics and computing: APL operators, keyboard keys, dentistry and cartography marks. The ⌘ ⌥ ⇧ ⏎ keys people paste into shortcut documentation live here.
How to type ⎳
| Windows | Type 23B3 then press Alt+X |
|---|---|
| macOS | Press Ctrl+Cmd+Space, then search for “summation bottom” |
| Linux | Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 23b3, press Enter |
| HTML | ⎳ |
About Unicode’s Math symbol category
Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I type the ⎳ summation bottom symbol?
- On Windows, type 23B3 and press Alt+X. On Linux press Ctrl+Shift+U then 23b3. On any system the quickest route is the copy button on this page.
- What is the code for ⎳?
- Summation Bottom is U+23B3 and in LaTeX as \sumbottom. In UTF-8 it takes 3 bytes. The table above lists every escape format.
- What kind of character is ⎳?
- Summation Bottom is filed under Math symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical block, and was introduced in Unicode 3.2. Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.