U+222E · Math symbol
HTML entity
∮
LaTeX
\oint
Contour Integral Symbol ∮
∮ is contour integral. Write it in HTML as ∮ or paste the character directly. It was added in Unicode 1.1, and Unicode files it under Math symbol.
Codes & technical data
| Unicode | U+222E | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML hex | ∮ | |
| HTML decimal | ∮ | |
| CSS | \222E | |
| JavaScript | \u{222E} | |
| Python | \U0000222E | |
| Java / C# | \u222E | |
| Rust | \u{222e} | |
| Swift | \u{222E} | |
| PHP | \u{222E} | |
| URL encoded | %E2%88%AE | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 AE | |
| UTF-16 bytes | 222E | |
| Base64 | 4oiu | |
| Decimal | 8750 | |
| HTML entity | ∮ | |
| LaTeX | \oint | |
| Category | Math symbol (Sm) | |
| Introduced | Unicode 1.1 | |
Will ∮ survive being pasted?
- Normalisation. Yes. ∮ is unchanged by NFKC, so it survives normalising systems intact.
- Legacy encodings. ∮ is Unicode-only — it has no Latin-1 equivalent, so a system stuck on an 8-bit encoding cannot represent it.
- Size. 3 bytes in UTF-8. Character-limited fields — SMS, bios, some form validators — usually count bytes, not characters.
Unicode cross-references
The standard points readers of ∮ at these characters — usually because they look alike, or because one is the correct choice where the other is often used by mistake.
Other integral characters
Unicode names 11 characters ending in “integral”. They differ by direction, weight or decoration rather than by meaning.
Nearby in Mathematical Operators
The operators mathematics and programming share — set theory, logic, calculus, comparison. Almost every character here has a LaTeX command, which is usually the fastest way to name the one you mean.
How to type ∮
| Windows | Type 222E then press Alt+X |
|---|---|
| macOS | Press Ctrl+Cmd+Space, then search for “contour integral” |
| Linux | Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 222e, press Enter |
| HTML | ∮ |
About Unicode’s Math symbol category
Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I type the ∮ contour integral symbol?
- On Windows, type 222E and press Alt+X. On Linux press Ctrl+Shift+U then 222e. On any system the quickest route is the copy button on this page.
- What is the code for ∮?
- Contour Integral is U+222E, written in HTML as ∮ and in LaTeX as \oint. In UTF-8 it takes 3 bytes. The table above lists every escape format.
- What kind of character is ∮?
- Contour Integral is filed under Math symbol in the Mathematical Operators block, and was introduced in Unicode 1.1. Unicode classifies this as a mathematical symbol, which means software that lays out formulas treats it as an operator or relation and gives it spacing accordingly, rather than setting it tight against its neighbours like a letter.